Immunity Meaning in Bengali

Immunity is a fundamental concept in biology and medicine, representing the body’s ability to resist and fight off infections and diseases. It’s a complex system involving various cells, tissues, and organs working together to protect us from harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Understanding immunity is crucial for maintaining good health and developing effective strategies to prevent and treat diseases. This article will delve into the meaning of immunity, exploring its various facets, including its meaning in Bengali, examples, synonyms, antonyms, grammatical aspects, usage, and related phrases.

Table of Contents

The English word “immunity” translates to several terms in Bengali, depending on the specific context. The most common and direct translation is “রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা” (Rog Protirodh Khomota), which literally means “disease resistance ability”. Other terms that convey the concept of immunity include “অনাক্রম্যতা” (Onakrommota) which means invulnerability, and “অসংক্রাম্যতা” (Osongkrammota), meaning non-susceptibility to infection. Understanding these nuances is important when discussing immunity in a Bengali context.

Immunity অর্থ কি?

Immunity (ইমিউনিটি) শব্দটির বাংলা অর্থ হলো রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা। সহজ কথায়, এটি হলো শরীরের সেই ক্ষমতা যা জীবাণু, ভাইরাস, পরজীবী এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষতিকর আক্রমণকারীদের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করে এবং শরীরকে সুস্থ রাখে।

Immunity শব্দটি বিভিন্ন অর্থে ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে। যেমন:

শারীরিক সুরক্ষা: যখন আমরা বলি “রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা”, তখন আমরা সাধারণত শরীরের জীবাণুর বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করার ক্ষমতাকেই বুঝি।
আইনি সুরক্ষা: কোন ব্যক্তি যখন আইনের উর্দ্ধে থাকে বা কোন অপরাধের জন্য বিচারের সম্মুখীন হয় না, তখন তাকেও “Immunity” দেওয়া হয়েছে বলা হয়।
অন্যান্য: বিশেষ ক্ষেত্রে, “Immunity” বলতে কোন কিছু থেকে অব্যাহতি বা মুক্তি বোঝাতে পারে।

এই আর্টিকেলে আমরা মূলত শারীরিক সুরক্ষা অর্থে “Immunity” শব্দটি ব্যবহার করব।

Examples

Let’s explore some examples to further illustrate the concept of immunity:

Vaccination: Vaccines work by introducing a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen into the body, stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies and memory cells against that specific pathogen. This acquired immunity helps the body fight off future infections by the same pathogen. This is an example of active immunity.
Recovery from an Infection: After recovering from a disease like chickenpox, a person typically develops immunity to that disease and is unlikely to get it again. This is because the immune system remembers the pathogen and can quickly mount a response upon re-exposure. This is also a type of active immunity.
Maternal Immunity: Newborn babies receive antibodies from their mothers through the placenta and breast milk. This provides them with temporary passive immunity against certain diseases until their own immune system develops fully.
Autoimmune Diseases: In some cases, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells and tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. This highlights the importance of a balanced and well-regulated immune system.

Synonyms

Several words in the English language share a similar meaning with immunity. Some common synonyms include:

Resistance: The ability to withstand or oppose something, particularly infections.
Protection: The state of being shielded from harm or danger.
Invulnerability: The quality of being impossible to harm or damage.
Defense: The action of resisting an attack or protecting from harm.
Safeguard: A measure taken to protect someone or something from harm.
Resilience: The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

Antonyms

Conversely, several words represent the opposite of immunity:

Susceptibility: The state of being likely to be influenced or harmed by something, particularly a disease.
Vulnerability: The state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.
Weakness: The state or condition of lacking strength or power.
Liability: The state of being legally responsible for something, but in a health context, it can refer to a predisposition to a particular disease.
Defenselessness: The condition of lacking protection or defense against attack or harm.
Exposure: The state of having no protection from something harmful.

Grammar

Forms, Inflections, and other grammatical terms of Immunity:

Noun: Immunity is primarily used as a noun.
Plural: The plural form of immunity is immunities. While less common in a biological context, it can be used when referring to multiple types of immunities or immunities in a legal or political sense (e.g., diplomatic immunities).
Uncountable Noun: Immunity, when referring to the body’s defense system, is typically considered an uncountable noun.
Adjective: The related adjective is immune. For example, “He is immune to the disease.”
Verb: The related verb is immunize, which means to make someone immune to a particular disease. For example, “We need to immunize the population against measles.”
Adverb: The related adverb is immunologically, meaning relating to immunology.

Uses

The term “immunity” is used in various contexts, including:

Medical and Biological Sciences: This is the most common usage, referring to the body’s defense system. Researchers study immunity to understand how diseases develop and to find ways to prevent and treat them.
Public Health: Public health initiatives often focus on improving population immunity through vaccination programs and other measures to control the spread of infectious diseases.
Legal and Political: Immunity can also refer to legal protection from prosecution or liability, such as diplomatic immunity.
Everyday Language: We often use the term “immunity” in everyday conversation to describe someone’s resistance to a particular disease or influence.

Related Phrases

Several phrases commonly incorporate the term “immunity”:

Immune System: This refers to the complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against infection.
Herd Immunity: This describes the indirect protection from infectious disease that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, thereby providing a measure of protection for individuals who are not immune.
Acquired Immunity: This type of immunity develops after exposure to an antigen, either through infection or vaccination.
Innate Immunity: This is the non-specific defense mechanism that a person is born with.
Passive Immunity: This type of immunity is “borrowed” from another source and lasts for a short time.
Active Immunity: This is the immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
Cellular Immunity: This is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
Humoral Immunity: This is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides.
Autoimmunity: This occurs when the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues.
Immunodeficiency: This is a state in which the immune system’s ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely absent.
Immunity booster: This refers to supplements or foods that enhance the immune system’s function.

Conclusion

Immunity is a vital biological process that protects us from diseases and maintains our overall health. Understanding its meaning, both in English and Bengali (রোগ প্রতিরোধ ক্ষমতা), is essential for appreciating the complexity and importance of our body’s defense mechanisms. This article has provided a comprehensive overview of immunity, covering its meaning, examples, synonyms, antonyms, grammatical aspects, uses, and related phrases. By understanding these concepts, we can better appreciate the significance of immunity in maintaining individual and public health and develop strategies to strengthen it against the ever-present threat of infectious diseases.